ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (4:1). Methods The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes, induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. The drug was administrated orally at a dose of 81 mg/kg body weight twice daily (Total = 162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men (twice daily). Results The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment. On the other hand, statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded. Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55, 9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested (7, 14 and 35 days after the 1st treatment respectively) (treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control. The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy. Congestion of central vain, liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver. Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and reduction of spermatogenesis. AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels. Hemorrhage in the myocardium, disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue. Conclusions The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.
ABSTRACT
The cytogenetic effect of 70% ethanolic extract of Lupinus termis seeds was investigated in mouse bone-marrow, spleen and spermatocyte cells. Mice were orally treated by gavage with a single dose of 1.05, 2.10 and 4.20 g/kg b.wt. which correspond to [1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 of LD50]. For bone marrow and spermatocyte cells daily successive dose treatment [1.05] g/kg b.wt for 3, 7 and 10 days were performed, the same dose was given daily for only 5 successive days for spleen test. "Mitomycin C" at a dose of I mg/kg b.wt was used as a positive control. Results reveal that Lupinus termis extract caused slight increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone-marrow and spleen cells. Such increase was found to be non-significant at all treatment levels [single and repeated] after excluding gaps. With respect to mouse spermatocytes the extract had no significant effect. Comparing the chromosomal aberration effect of Lupinus termis extract with that obtained from treatment with "Mitomycin C", results generally indicate that the 70% ethanolic extract of Lupinus termis had no remarkable cytogenetic effect in both somatic and germ cells
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Seeds/drug effects , Cytogenetics , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , MiceABSTRACT
The ability of the insecticide "Dursban" to induce chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange was tested in mouse bone marrow. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with the dose 4 m kg [-1] body wt. of the insecticide dissolved in 0.1 DMSO. Samples were taken 6, 24 and 48 hours after intraperitoneal injection. The results indicated that "Dursban" at the tested doses is a potent inducer of chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow. The percentage of chromosomal aberrations increased by increasing the time of treatment and reached its maximum 24 hours following intraperitoneal injection, where it reached 25.5 +/- 0.95. The aberrations induced were chromatid and chromosome gaps, fragments, breaks and deletions. The doses 10, 20 and 25 mg kg [-1] body wt. of the insecticide caused a significant and dose dependent increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in mouse bone marrow cells. It reached 9.13 +/- 0.27 per cell after treatment with the highest tested does of "Dursban" compared with 4.52 +/- 0.42 per cell in the solvent. This indicates that "Dursban" is a weak inducer of sister chromatid exchange in mouse bone marrow